Los De Abajo Pdf

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The Underdogs
Author	Mariano Azuela
Original title	Los de abajo
Illustrator	Jose Clemente Orozco
Country	Mexico
Language	Spanish
Publisher	Brentanno's 1929 (First translation based on 1920 edition) Principia Press Trinity University 1963 (new translation based on 1920 edition) University of California Press 1979 (translation based on the original 1915 version)Penguin 2008 (Based on 1920 edition) Signet 2016 (Reprint of Brentanno's 1929 edition)
1915 as newspaper episodes1920 edited, expanded and published by Author
Published in English	1929
Pages	232

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Libro Los De Abajo Pdf

Resumen Completo de la Obra Los de Abajo escrita por Mariano Azuela. Ver mas para descargar resumen. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/poblartv. The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela A Novel of the Mexican Revolution Translated by E. Original Title: LOS DE ABAJO PART ONE 'How beautiful the revolution! Even in its most barbarous aspect it is beautiful,' Solis said with deep feeling. I That's no animal, I tell you! Listen to the dog bark-ing! It must be a human being.'

The Underdogs (Spanish: Los de Abajo) is a novel by Mexican author Mariano Azuela which tells the story of a group of commoners who are dragged into the Mexican Revolution and the changes in their psyche due to living through the conflict. It is heavily influenced by the author's experiences during the revolution, where he participated as a medical officer for Pancho Villa's Northern Division. The novel was the first of its kind to be translated into English, as part of a project sponsored by the Mexican Government and the Mexican Renaissance intellectual movement to promote Mexico as a literature-creating country. It had been previously well received by American critics like Earl K.James from the New York Times in 1928^[1] so the translation project went on and was released in 1929 by Brentanno's Books, at the time, the largest bookstore chain in the US. It has been considered 'The Novel of the Mexican Revolution' since 1924 when journalist Francisco Monterde wrote about it for the Excélsior as an example of virile and modern post-revolutionary literature.^[2]

Derdogs (Los de abajo), which did not receive general recogni-tion until 1924, when it was hailed as the novel of the Revolution. But Azuela was fundamentally a moralist, and his disappoint-ment with the Revolution soon began to manifest itself. He had fought for a better Mexico; but he saw that while the Revolution. The Underdogs (Spanish: Los de Abajo) is a novel by Mexican author Mariano Azuela which tells the story of a group of commoners who are dragged into the Mexican Revolution and the changes in their psyche due to living through the conflict.

Synopsis[edit]

The book tells us the story of Demetrio Macías, a peasant who after having an misunderstanding with a local cacique (land owner) is hunted by the government soldiers (Federales) and decides to flee when they arrive at his home and kill his dog Palomo (dove), prompting him to abandon his family and take revenge. He escapes to the mountains and forms a group of rebels who support the Mexican Revolution.

The whole novel has various reading levels and the character names represent forces or ideals beyond the characters themselves. Some of them are prototypes of the kind of people that was dragged into the revolution, like Demetrio, whose name is associated with the goddess of farming and agriculture Demeter; the dog, Palomo, killed at the beginning who symbolizes peace. Others are archetypes, like Luis Cervantes, who is an educated man mistreated by the Federales and therefore turning on them, or Güero Margarito, a cruel man who finds justification for his deeds in the turbulence of the times. We can also find La Pintada (translated as War paint) a tough woman, as opposed to Camila, a teenager peasant who is dragged into the conflict by means of subterfuge to become Macías' lover. With a concise, unsympathetic tone, Azuela takes us along with this band of outcasts as they move along the hills of the country, seemingly struggling for a cause whose leader changes from day to night. The rebels, not very certain of what or whom they are fighting for, practice the abuse and injustice they used to suffer in the hands of the old leaders. So the Mexican people, as the title of the book hints, are always the “ones below”, no matter who runs the country.

In the end, Macías has lost his cherished ones and most of his men, and reunites with his family with no real desire or hope for redemption or peace. He has forebodings of his destiny, and the last scene of the book leaves him firing his rifle with deathly accuracy, alone and extremely outnumbered by his enemies.

Characters[edit]

Demetrio Macías: He is a tall and well-built man with a sanguine face and beardless chin. He wears a shirt and trouser of white cloth, broad Mexican hat, and leather sandals. He leads a group of men fighting against the federal forces of Victoriano Huerta. He is famous for his marksmanship and his ability to lead men in battle. Many poor peasants he meets throughout his journey protest against the Federales because they burn their houses, take their wives, their stock, and their food. His dog is killed in one of the most iconic and melodramatic scenes in the novel. It depicts a moment of helplessness, a recurring theme throughout the book. Macias and his band of men travel great lengths and loot and sack villages throughout their journey in order to stay alive. They rape many Mexican women and hang dozens of men. Macias also has a semi-sexual encounter with another man that changes the essence of his character throughout the rest of the novel. At the beginning of the novel, he fights to change his country; at the end he does not know why he continues to fight, and compares his actions to that of a pebble he throws into a canyon. Many of Macías' men forget what they are fighting for, and as time goes by start to concentrate more on their own needs.
Luis Cervantes: The newest member of Demetrio's band of rebels. He was conscripted to fight in the Federale Army, but deserts when he was offended. Different from the rest of the band, Cervantes is educated and well-mannered, as he is a medical student and journalist. Towards the end of the novel he flees the country to go to the United States. His story is said to be similar to the author's. However, in many interviews Azuela has stated his voice is not represented by the life of Cervantes but rather Solis.^[3]
War Paint (original name: La Pintada): She is a tough woman who represents a real class of women that took part in the conflict, the Soldaderas. She is a woman who challenges men, does not get scared when a man shoots closely at her, swears, shakes hands with virile strength, rides open legged, teases Demetrio, and fights with a revolver she keeps on her chest.^[4] The original name refers to a type of aggressive hen, and she has been pointed out by many to represent the new women who were fighting the patriarchal society in Mexico.
Camila: She is a teenager who is deceived by Luis Cervantes to join Demetrio's band. She is in love with the former and, although her kind and stoic nature represents the servile and subdued women before the revolution, she is a tragic character who ends fatally in conflict with La Pintada. Her name means Attendand.

Translations[edit]

The first and most important translation of this novel, which coined the debated title The Underdogs, is officially attributed to Enrique Munguía Jr., a Mexican diplomat stationed in Washington in 1928.^[4] However, it has been recently rediscovered that Anita Brenner, a Mexican-American woman and stern supporter of Mexican arts during this era, also participated in the translation.^{[citation needed]} As well as bringing this edition to life,^[5] she is likely to bear the most part or even supervise the translation, Munguia being only a facade by the Mexican Government, as she participated in translating other Azuela novels, such as Marcela. We don't know of any other translations in which Munguia participated afterwards.

The first edition of The Underdogs was published by Brentano's in 1929, which was the largest bookstore in the US, with branches in four American cities as well as London and Paris. The original print run was 3,000, and the book's preface was written by the influential American journalist Carleton Beals. Illustrations were drawn by Jose Clemente Orozco, one of the most famous muralists of the era. There is strong evidence suggesting that the whole project was a joint effort to create a new international image of Mexico as a modern and cultural country, initiated by the Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles and supported by the Mexican Renaissance, a movement of intellectuals, artists and writers of which all of the influential participants, including Mariano Azuela were part. Most indignant is the un-credited role of Brenner who had coined the term Mexican Renaissance in his book Idols behind altars and was a member since 1924, as the similarities among her own book and the Underdogs, points out that she was the hub and intellectual author for the whole project to happen.

The first edition was an astounding success, receiving mostly positive critics from the Americans and even from the author himself, even if many questioned the name given as they think it didn't captured the true meaning of the expression Los de Abajo in Spanish, related more to the oppressed, the poor ones, those without privileges and the underdogs. About the reviews, Timothy Murad wrote:

'Ernest Gruening, writing in the Nation, considered the translation well done: Enrique Munguía, Jr. has performed creditably the task of rendering the almost untranslatable Mexican-Aztec argot into readable English” Isaac Goldberg, in The New World Monthly agreed: “Mr. Munguia’s version . . . appears to have managed with unobtrusive skill the difficult task not only of translating, but what we might call ‘trans-psyching’ the story.”^[4]

About the title, Murad added:

'The objections to 'The Underdogs' for Los de Abajo are indicative of the difficulties posed in the translation of the title. Strictly speaking, and dependent on context, 'los de abajo' as 'those from below,' or 'those underneath.' or 'those down below,' could refer as well to neighbors on the floor below or down the street as to book on a bottom shelf. To a degree, when Azuela coined the phrase he intended the socio-cultural and political meanings (the poor, the lower classes, the uneducated, the powerless, the downthroden) that are inextricably linked to its use as the title of the novel.'^[4]

The book became well known as Earl K. James suggested in 1932

'Waldo Frank in his foreword to this story of love, lust and revenge south of the Rio Grande, calls Mariano azuela 'one of the most eminent novelists of contemporary Mexico.' Azuela is a doctor by profession and a revolutionist by conviction. Nor do his literary ectiviteis keep him from the pursuit of his profession or from working for social justice within a modest sphere. American readers may remember his 'The underdogs.' The best novel of the Diaz Revolution of 1910 to appear here.' ^[6]

Despite such shortcomings, the novel opened the American readers' doors to other Mexican and Latin-American novels and it became the base reference against others were compared, as suggested in the a review by Frank C, Hanighen in 1934:

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'With the advent of Gregorio Lopez y fuentes's 'Tierra, La Revolución Agraria en México' a new Mexican novelist has arrived, for many years the colorful Marion Azuela, author of 'The Undergogs and Marcela dominated the scene' ^[7]

Since the first edition, the book has been translated again into English, a second translation by Frances Kellam Hendricks and Beatrice Berler was published in 1963 by Principia Press Trinity University, but it did not reached widespread audience. Stanley L. Robe published by the University of California Press in 1979 also offered a new translation based on the original 1915 serial edition.^[4] A centenary translation was done by Ilan Stavans and Anna Moore for The Underdogs: A Norton Critical Edition. The Hackett Publishing Company edition, The Underdogs: with Related Texts, translated by Gustavo Pellón, also includes contemporary reviews of Azuela's book, an excerpt from Anita Brenner's Idols Behind Altars (1929), and selections from John Reed's Insurgent Mexico (1914). Segio Weisman did another one for Penguin Books in 2008. Still, the most current edition by Signet in 1916, uses the original translation by Munguia -and Anita Brenner- as are most of the e-book versions for Kindle available.

Notes[edit]

^James, E. K. (1928, Oct 28). Latin-american letter. New York Times (1923–Current File) Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/104415552
^Foster, David William., and Daniel Altamiranda. Twentieth-century Spanish American Literature to 1960. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.
^Azuela, Mariano (1992),Los de Abajo, Adaptation by Marta Portal
^ ^a^b^c^d^eMurad, Timothy. “Los De Abajo vs. The Underdogs: The Translation of Mariano Azuela’s Masterpiece.” Hispania 65, no. 4 (1982): 554–61. doi:10.2307/342375.
^Loiederman, Roberto. 'anita brenner Archives — Jewish Journal'. Jewish Journal. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
^A Mexican Folk Novel. (1932, Mar 17). New York Times (1923–Current File) Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/105042189
^Hanighen, Frank C. “A New Mexican Novel of Revolution.” New York Times (1923–Current File), Feb 04, 1934. https://search.proquest.com/docview/100920772

References[edit]

Azuela, Mariano (2008), The Underdogs: A Novel of the Mexican Revolution, translated by Sergio Waisman, New York: Penguin.
Azuela, Mariano (2006), The Underdogs: with Related Texts, translated by Gustavo Pellón, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.

External links[edit]

The Underdogs at Project Gutenberg

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Underdogs_(novel)&oldid=897766748'

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Preview — Los de abajo by Mariano Azuela

Durante la Revolución Mexicana, Mariano Azuela fue médico de la facción la que comandaba Francisco Villa, de ahí que algunas de sus más notables obras literarias estén inspiradas por aquellos hechos de armas. Entre todas ellas, Los de abajo, redactada en 1915 en El Paso (Texas), sintetiza admirablemente lo que el ilustre escritor pensaba de la Revolución y cómo vio él mism..more

Published August 1st 1997 by Penguin Books Ltd (first published 1916)

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Obra Los De Abajo Pdf

Mar 04, 2014Mike rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Next year marks the centennial of the publication of Mariano Azuela's 'The Underdogs,' often said to be 'the greatest novel' of the Mexican Revolution of 20 November 1910. It may be, though it isn't a sweeping and detailed account of that fierce but doomed uprising. Rather, it's a slim book of brief segments that look at the revolution in intimate terms by focusing on the innocence, confusion, courage and eventual disillusionment of Demetrio Macias, an illiterate Indian who like other disenfranc..more

Jan 25, 2017Hilda rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

I really enjoyed it, this book is a very interesting and honest about the mexican revolution, even when this isn't an historical book about the mexican revolution war. The characters are honest and with realistic features, you'll find the honest leader who believed that only revolution will bring justice to the people and commands a small force of rebels, the poor who don't have anything to lose and obviously the rascal opportunist who take advantage of the war.
My main complaint is that this bo..more

Dec 22, 2009Shane Westfall rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

I loved reading this one! Several of the criticisms mentioned in other reviews are valid, yet where I felt Azuela excelled was in illustrating the 'gray'. No saintly protagonists nor sinister bad guys to be found..simply a portrait of real humans embroiled in a conflict where perhaps the only moral difference between the two parties depends on whom one is cheering for. Sure, Cervantes' ride off into the mercantile business seemed a bit of a stretch, but then no more so than Shakespeare relying..more

Sep 13, 2019Emma rated it it was ok · review of another edition

I had to read this for a history class. It was fine, the only reason it was ok was because it wasn't a book I'd have chosen to read myself.
Mariano Azuela took part in the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 and drew upon those experiences when he wrote The Underdogs. The book followed a man and the group of peasant-soldiers he accumulated over the years of the revolution. I think it might have been the style of writing in the early 1900s to feel vaguely unattached to the story, because Azuela's sty..more

Jul 22, 2015Alex Lopez-barton rated it really liked it

Gives an excellent overview of the Mexican Revolution 1910 which is amazing as he wrote it from his experiences.

In Mariano Azuela's novel, Los de abajo, Demetrio Marcías, an Indian farmer is roped into joining the Revolution and leaving his wife and child behind. Along the way, he meets other people who join him in his fight against the Federals and eventually help him to earn the title as one of Villa's generals. This book discusses the discrepancies that lie between the rich and the poor, the educated and the illiterate, men and women, and the Revolutionaries and the Federals (Mexican government). Chara..more

Jul 10, 2019Wendy rated it it was ok · review of another edition

'Revolutions begin fighting tyranny and end fighting themselves.'-Saint-Just
With a Foreword by the incomparable Carlos Fuentes, I was looking forward to reading this novel written in the midst of the Mexican Revolution by Mariano Azuela. Unfortunately, I found it difficult to connect to the narrative and this halting, flawed prose. I think that is most likely due to the clunky and jarring translation by Sergio Waisman and I should probably read this groundbreaking novel in its original Spanish s..more

Jan 22, 2019Bryn McCarthy rated it really liked it

Before reading “Los de abajo,” by Mariano Azuela, I thought it would be a historical synopsis of the Mexican Revolution, but once I began reading I quickly learned that it actually tells the story of one individuals life throughout the revolution, the life of Demetrio Macías. Demetrio begins as an Indian uninvolved in the revolution, a husband wanting to protect his wife and his land, and transforms throughout the book into one of Pancho Villa’s top generals. Furthermore, this book appeals to re..more

Sep 04, 2017Matt rated it really liked it · review of another edition

Shelves: literature, historical-fiction, 2017-reads, school

Anyone who has learned anything about the Mexican Revolution knows that it was a complicated era in that nation’s history that just seemed to continue without end. The Underdogs was the first novel about the conflict even as it continued to grind on and written by a former participant Mariano Azuela.
The majority of the narrative follows Demetrio Macias, who finds himself on the bad side of the local chief and is burned out of his home before feeling to the mountains. Gathering his friends, Macia..more

Jan 22, 2019Edwin Castellanos rated it really liked it

Prof. Barnett / Washington and Lee University
Los de Abajo written by Mariano Azuela was a great novel that drew me into the world of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. I was definitely able to understand more with some knowledge of the key events and people that played a role before and during the Mexican Revolution. I don't think that a reader without some understanding of Mexico would be able to navigate the world of the main character Demetrio Macías without missing key details. The language and..more

It's hard to stomach a novel filled with so much violence and brutality. Los de abajo is like a shorter and more mild version of Blood Meridian, but all the same, it gets to a such a point that I imagine only sadists could derive any enjoyment from their reading. It may be said that, as a work of historical fiction, the quality of the book comes from its educational value and less from the pleasure of reading it.
This is a novel that preserves the atmosphere of hostility and chaos that pervaded..more

Los de abajo Los de abajo is a novel by Mariano Azuela set during the Mexican Revolution. Although I don’t normally reach for novels set during military revolutionary times, this novel was more interesting than others in the sense that it has a complex web of characters that are all well developed and are constantly adding something to the story line. I think Azuela uses these characters very strategically to paint a full picture of the large gap between the rich and poor so the reader can bett..more

Jan 22, 2019McKinley Hamilton rated it really liked it

Professor Barnett /Washington and Lee University: Los de abajo served as the first novel that I have read regarding the Mexican Revolution and I believe that it detailed a raw and insightful account of the tragedy and passion associated with this revolution. This novel allowed me to further understand the complexity of this ongoing event and demonstrated how the motivations of revolutionary leaders and fighters were multifaceted and occasionally ambiguous. The character development of Demetrio i..more

Jan 22, 2019Carissa Margraf rated it really liked it

(Carissa Margraf for Professor Barnett, Washington and Lee University) If my memory is correct, Los de Abajo was actually the first novel that I have read in Spanish in its entirety, so that presented its own challenges, but it was an extremely engaging story to keep track of. I was not sure what to expect from it, but it was so interesting to watch the progression of Demetrio's involvement with the rebels and his promotions to higher ranks, yet his lack of clarity on what exactly kept him fight..more

Jan 23, 2019Miller Townes rated it really liked it

Professor Barnett / Miller Townes / Washington and Lee University
I really enjoyed reading Los de abajo by Mariano Azuela. As someone who's first language is English, not Spanish, I felt that a lot of the vocabulary was very colloquial and found myself looking up many words in the dictionary. This made if fairly difficult to read but I still enjoyed the content. I liked the vivid descriptions of the scenery and felt that they made an impact on the interpretation of the events occurring in the bo..more

Los de Abajo, by Mariono Azuela, is a very powerful book that delivers insight into the process and ideologies of the Mexican Revolution. The book is filled with enlightening moments that reveal the often-violent acts of the Huerta government towards the rebels, known as the Underdogs. Personally, I truly enjoyed the marvelous novel due to the Robinhood element of the story, involving the resistance of the rag-tag army of Demetrio Macías, who is the main character. My favorite element of the boo..more

(Prof. Barnett / Washington and Lee University Winter 2019)
Los de abajo by Mariano Azuela seems like a true primary source document from the Mexican revolution, despite the fictional characters and storyline. Each character is chosen deliberately to represent a different group or illustrate a possible outcome of a life during the revolution. While the language presents certain challenges due to an abundance of hundred-year-old colloquialisms, the spirit of the story shines through the action. In..more

Professor Barnett/ Eduardo Corona/ Washington And Lee
I thoroughly enjoyed reading Los De Abajo by Mariano Azuela for several reasons. One of my favorite aspects of the book was the character development. Throughout the short book, Azuela did a fantastic job of developing both primary and secondary characters in a way that they relate to certain themes of the Mexican Revolution and Mexico in the early 1900s. Another aspect that I enjoyed was how Azuela gives an important viewpoint of the Mexican..more

Dec 12, 2017Sheri Fresonke Harper rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

The style was unusual, the story engrossing. The tale set during the Mexican Civil war of 1910 was brutal. The characters are well portrayed. I found the end really impressive; it made me glad to not be there and the actions taken seemed understandable, but not very effective for achieving the goals, with most confused about what they wanted.

Sep 28, 2018Melissa rated it liked it · review of another edition

An interesting read about how and why some joined the revolution, and how they in the end became that which they wished to overcome.. but it was choppy for me, I’m not sure if it was the writing or the translation, but I didn’t feel as invested in these characters as I should have.

Feb 23, 2017Tyler rated it really liked it · review of another edition

This is a funky and wonderful historical novel. At first, I thought the translation was just weird and off, but then, reading over the Spanish original, it's really just how Azuela writes. He's a real stylist, and I can see why this is the lasting work of the revolution period. It doesn't just reflect the history of the time, but the language is alive, it's sticky and it bubbles up here and there throughout the text with the baroque, romantic, and impulse to over-describe.
Here are three snippets..more

May 02, 2013Carmen Amato rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

A couple of years ago I walked through a display of Mexican Revolution photographs in a museum in Rome, Italy. Meant primarily to showcase the era's photographers, the photographs were a sepia-toned illustration of the brutality and confusion of the times. All of the images we association with early 20th century Mexico were there--horsemen with crossed bandoliers and wide palm sombreros, women in white dresses with ruffled bodices, ragged laborers in white cotton rags, soldiers in short jackets..more

May 24, 2014Laura Jean rated it it was amazing · review of another edition

The Underdogs really reminded me of Blood Meridian by Cormack McCarthy. I think that there are several reasons for that. First, the story is very violent, but the violence is part of the environment. It is not gratuitous. The violence is simply as much a part of the environment as the blood red sunsets and the Sierra.
Another aspect of this book that reminds me of McCarthy's western novels is the terseness of the dialog. These characters are actually more talkative than the ones in McCarthy's wo..more

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Mariano Azuela González was a Mexican author and physician, best known for his fictional stories of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. He wrote novels, works for theatre and literary criticism.

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Los De Abajo Analisis

“La revolución beneficia al pobre, al ignorante, al que toda su vida ha sido esclavo, a los infelices que ni siquiera saben que si lo son es porque el rico convierte en oro las lágrimas, el sudor y la sangre de los pobres. The revolution benefits the poor, the ignorant, who all his life has been a slave, the unfortunate who do not know if they are is because the rich becomes the tears, sweat and blood of the poor in gold.” — 10 likes

“La revolución es el huracán, y el hombre que se entrega a ella no es ya el hombre, es la miserable hoja seca arrebatada por el vendaval…” — 4 likes

Libro Los De Abajo Pdf

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